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Wrong Direction

Definition:

    The relation between cause and effect is reversed.
Examples:
  1. Cancer causes smoking.
  2. The increase in AIDS was caused by more sex education. (In fact, the increase in sex education was caused by the spread of AIDS.)
Proof:
    Give a causal argument showing that the relation between cause and effect has been reversed.
References
    (Cedarblom and Paulsen: 238)

06 October 1995